Gas Separation
ثبت نشده
چکیده
Gas separation only became a major industrial application of membrane technology in the past 30 years, but the study of gas permeation through membranes has a long history. Systematic studies began with Thomas Graham who, over a period of 20 years, measured the permeation rates of all the gases then known, through every diaphragm available to him [1]. This was no small task because his experiments had to start with synthesis of the gas. Graham gave the first description of the solution-diffusion model, and his work on porous membranes led to Graham’s law of diffusion. Through the remainder of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, the ability of gases to permeate membranes selectively had no industrial or commercial use. The concept of the perfectly selective membrane was, however, used as a theoretical tool to develop physical and chemical theories, such as Maxwell’s kinetic theory of gases. From 1943 to 1945, Graham’s law of diffusion was exploited for the first time, to separate UF6 from U F6 as part of the Manhattan project. Finely microporous metal membranes were used. The separation plant, constructed in Knoxville, Tennessee, represented the first large-scale use of gas separation membranes and remained the world’s largest membrane separation plant for the next 40 years. However, this application was unique and so secret that it had essentially no impact on the long-term development of gas separation. In the 1940s to 1950s, Barrer [2], van Amerongen [3], Stern [4], Meares [5], and others laid the foundation of the modern theories of gas permeation. The solution-diffusion model of gas permeation developed then is still the accepted model for gas transport through membranes. However, despite the availability of interesting polymer materials, membrane fabrication technology was not sufficiently advanced, at that time, to make useful membrane systems from these polymers. The development of high-flux anisotropic membranes and large-surface-area membrane modules for reverse osmosis applications in the late 1960s and early 1970s provided
منابع مشابه
An Effective Iterative Algorithm for Modeling of Multicomponent Gas Separation in a Countercurrent Membrane Permeator
 A model is developed for separation of multicomponent gas mixtures in a countercurrent hollow fiber membrane module. While the modelâs solution in countercurrent module usually involves in a time consuming iterative procedure, a proper initial guess is proposed for beginning the calculation and a simple procedure is introduced for correcting the guesses, hereby the CPU time is decreased ess...
متن کاملProcesses and apparatuses for formation, separation, pelletizing storage and re-gasification of gas hydrate
In recent years, the feasibility of utilizing gas hydrates in industrial systems draws much attention as a subject of engineering studies. Despite the suggested applications for gas hydrate in transportation and storage of natural gas, desalination of water, etc., there have been few applied industrial experiences with gas hydrates. There are several patents and papers on promotion of gas hydra...
متن کاملPebax-Modified Cellulose Acetate Membrane for CO2/N2 Separation
Carbon dioxide (CO2) release from the exhaust gas streams of power plants that burn fossil fuels contributes the most emission of this gas, which includes more than half of the greenhouse effects. Thus, the separation of CO2 from exhaust gases is one of the main environmental concerns. Membrane technology, due to many advantages, has attracted many research attentions among the various gas sepa...
متن کاملMathematical Modeling of Gas Separation Process with Flat Carbon Membrane
Carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) have been considered as very promising candidates for gas separation, in terms of separation properties as well as thermal and chemical stability. Due to the numerous advantages and wide applications of carbon membranes, their application for gas separation is of special importance. Because of the importance of carbon membranes and a large number of stud...
متن کاملSeparation of Aromatic and Alcoholic Mixtures using Novel MWCNT-Silica Gel Nanocomposite as an Adsorbent in Gas Chromatography
The separations of alcohols with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, and the separation of aromatic mixtures, are extremely important processes in gas and petroleum industries. Choosing an adsorbent for performing this separation is the most important part of the process. Silica gel is used as an adsorbent is various techniques such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and gas and liquid chromatog...
متن کامل